Glossary

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4. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Artificial intelligence. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/search/results?swKeyword=artificial+intelligence
5. FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group. BEST Accessed: April 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338448/
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7. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Biomarker Testing. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/biomarker-testing
8. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – BRCA. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/search/BRCA/?searchMode=Begins
9. Breast Cancer. Molecular profiling. Accessed April 2024.  https://www.breastcancer.org/screening-testing/molecular-profiling
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14. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – ctDNA. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/11tDNA
15. CDC. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). Accessed April 2024.  https://www.cdc.gov/clia/about.html
16. FDA. Companion Diagnostics. Accessed April 2024. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/companion-diagnostics
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21. Wang R, et al. Cancer Res Commun. 2023;3(11):2221–2232.
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24. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – MMR deficiency. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/mmr-deficiency
25. The Royal College of Pathologists. Digital Pathology. Accessed April 2024. https://www.rcpath.org/profession/digital-pathology.html
26. Jeroch J, et al. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(12):3249. 
27. Cannan WJ and Pederson DS. J Cell Physiol. 2016;231(1):3–14.
28. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – EGFR gene. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/egfr-gene
29. Jia Y, et al. Oncotarget. 2017;8(25):41717–41733.
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31. Zeng J, et al. J Natl Cancer Cent. 2021;1(2):58–73.
32. My Cancer Genome. FANCA. Accessed April 2024. https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/gene/fanca/
33. Foundation Medicine. Companion Diagnostics explained. Accessed April 2024. https://​www​.foundationmedicine​.com​/blog​/companion​-diagnostics​-explained​-their​-critical​-role-cancer-care-and-our-latest-approvals#:~:text=An​FDA​approved​companion​diagnostic​test​is​used,on​the​genomic​alterations​within​their​tumor​%28s%29
34. Mathieson W, et al. J Histochem Cytochem. 2020;68(8):543–552.
35. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Gene. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/gene
36. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Gene expression. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/gene-expression
37. National Cancer Institute. Cancer Genetics Overview (PDQ^®)–Health Professional Version/ Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/overview-pdq
38. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Alteration. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/alteration
39. National Cancer Institute. About cancer – genetics. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics
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42. Genetic Alliance. Understanding Genetics: A New York, Mid-Atlantic Guide for Patients and Health Professionals. Washington: Genetic Alliance. 2009. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK115571/
43. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Genome. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/genome
44. Pikor L, et al. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2013;32(3-4):341–352.
45. Breastcancer.org. Genomic tests for breast cancer. Accessed April 2024. https://www.breastcancer.org/screening-testing/genomic-tests
46. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Germline Variant. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/genetics-dictionary/def/germline-variant
47. Gutierrez C and Schiff R. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135(1):55–62.
48. Iqbal N and Iqbal N. Mol Biol Int. 2014;2014:852748.
49. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Histology. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/histology
50. Li X and Heyer WD. Cell Res. 2008;18(1):99–113.
51. Stewart MD, et al. Oncologist. 2022;27:167–174. 
52. Miller RE, et al. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(12):1606–1622.
53. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Immunohistochemistry. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunohistochemistry
54. Li J, et al. Cell Death Dis. 2024;15:175.
55. Huang L, et al. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6:386.
56. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Liquid Biopsy. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/liquid-biopsy
57. Rabien A and Kristiansen G. Cancer Gene Profiling: Methods and Protocols. 2016:39–52.
58. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Minimal residual disease. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/minimal-residual-disease
59. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – MSI-H. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/msi-h-cancer
60. American Cancer Society. Multi-cancer Early Detection (MCED) Tests. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/screening/multi-cancer-early-detection-tests.html
61. Taberna M, et al. Front Oncol. 2020;10:85.
62. NCCN. About. Referenced with permission from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network^® (NCCN^®). © National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Inc. 2024. All rights reserved. Accessed April 01, 2024. To view the most recent and complete version of the recommendations, go online to NCCN.org .
63. Behjati S and Tarpey PS. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2013;98(6):236–238.
64. Radhakrishnan SK, et al. DNA Repair (Amst). 2014;17:2–8.
65. Novak D and Utikal J. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(4):708.
66. Gower A, et al. J Mol Med (Berl). 2014;92(7):697–707.
67. Wu S, et al. Front Oncol. 2020;10:301.
68. CAP. What is pathology. Accessed April 2024  https://www.cap.org/member-resources/articles/what-is-pathology#:~:text=Pathology​is​the​medical​discipline​that​provides​diagnostic,to​managing​chronic​diseases​through​accurate​laboratory​testing
69. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Patient navigator. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/patient-navigator
70. Han Y, et al. Am J Cancer Res. 2020;10(3):727–742.
71. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Pharmacogenomics. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/pharmacogenomics
72. Cerma K, et al. Biomedicines. 2023;11:109.
73. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Phenotype. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/phenotype
74. FDA. Precision Medicine. Accessed April 2024. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/in-vitro-diagnostics/precision-medicine
75. National Library of Medicine. BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource – Predictive Biomarker. Accessed April 2024. https://​www​.ncbi​.nlm​.nih​.gov​/books​/NBK402283/
76. National Library of Medicine. BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource – Prognostic Biomarker. Accessed April 2024. https://​www​.ncbi​.nlm​.nih​.gov​/books​/NBK402289/
77. Chial, H. Nat Educ. 2008;1(1):33. 
78. Bonilla B, et al. Annu Rev Genet. 2020;54:25–46.
79. Mayerhoefer ME, et al. J Nucl Med. 2020;61(4):488–495.
80. Pathology Outlines. Cytopathology. Accessed April 2024. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cytopathologyrose.html
81. Huang Z, et al. Transl Cancer Res. 2021;10(1):479.
82. Gosney JR, et al. ESMO Open. 2023;8(4):101587.
83. Ishida C, et al. Molecular Genetics Testing. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://​www​.ncbi​.nlm​.nih​.gov​/booksv​/NBK560712/
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85. Alldredge J and Randall L. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2019;46(1):37–53.
86. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Genetics Terms – Somatic Variant. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/genetics-dictionary/def/somatic-variant
87. Dufraing K, et al. Virchows Arch. 2021;478(3):553–565.
88. Xu K, et al. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:491.
89. American College of Surgeons. Synoptic reporting for cancer surgery: Current requirements and future state. Accessed April 2024. https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/news-publications/news-and-articles/bulletin/2021/12/synoptic-reporting-for-cancer-surgery-current-requirements-and-future-state/
90. College of American Pathologists. Definition of Synoptic Reporting. Accessed April 2024. https://​​documents​​.cap​​.org​​/documents​​/synoptic_​reporting_​definition_​examples_​v4.0.pdf
91. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Targeted Therapy. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/targeted-therapy
92. National Cancer Institute. Biomarker Testing for Cancer Treatment. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/biomarker-testing-cancer-treatment
93. Hilgart JS, et al. Genet Med. 2012;14(9):765–776. 
94. Hawkins RC. Clin Biochem Rev. 2007;28(4):179–194.
95. American Cancer Society. How Is a Biopsy Done? Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/diagnosis-staging/tests/biopsy-and-cytology-tests/biopsy-types.html
96. Sastre J, et al. Oncologist. 2012;17(7):947–955.
97. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – Tumor mutational burden. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/tumor-mutational-burden
98. National Cancer Institute. Dictionary of Cancer Terms – VUS. Accessed April 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/vus

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